Web3.js常用API：发送交易

import { Web3 } from 'web3';

const web3 = new Web3('https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_ID')
// 从私钥导入账户
const account = web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY')

// 查询当前账户余额
const balance = await web3.eth.getBalance(account[0].address)
const balanceEth = await web3.utils.fromWei(balance,'ether');
console.log('余额:',balanceEth,'ETH')

// 构造交易
const transaction = {
    nonce: await web3.eth.getBlockTransactionCount(account[0].address), // 代表从特定地址发送的交易数量。每次交易被成功地打包进区块后，从该地址发出交易的nonce就会增加。防止同一笔交易因意外导致执行多次。
    from:account[0].address,                                            // 发送地址
    to:'0x668E1d61eB2872D4bF6dd17D32DC5f1FD993A6AD',                    // 接收地址
    value: web3.utils.toWei('0.000045', 'ether'),                       // 转账金额
    gasPrice:gasPrice,                                                  // 当前gas价格
}
// 预估gas
const gas = await web3.eth.estimateGas(transaction)
console.log('预计耗费gas:', gas)
transaction.gas = gas                                                   // 最大gas，交易完成如有剩余会返还，不足会导致交易回滚
web3.eth.sendTransaction(transaction).then(console.log);

import { Web3 } from 'web3';

const web3 = new Web3('https://ethereum-sepolia.publicnode.com');
// 创建账户
const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount('0x3afbb985211d17b9cdb5b3e7fd9f1017952d19275b4f6d31ed9f15bffb2e6185')
// 构建原始交易
const rawTransaction = {
    from: account.address,
    to:'0x668E1d61eB2872D4bF6dd17D32DC5f1FD993A6AD',
    nonce: await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(account.address),
    value:10,
    gasPrice:gasPrice,
    data: "0x0" 
}
// 预估gas
const gas = await web3.eth.estimateGas(rawTransaction)
console.log('预计耗费gas:', gas)
rawTransaction.gas = gas 

// 使用私钥对交易进行签名
const signedTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(rawTransaction, account.privateKey);
// 发送交易
const txReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(signedTransaction.rawTransaction);
console.log('Transaction Receipt:', txReceipt);